https://docs.emtronaustralia.com.au/engine-management/tuning/torque-management/torque-modelling/index.htmlThe engine torque produced by combustion is calculated by the ECU using modelled algorithms and is referred to as Ideal Engine Torque. The moving parts inside the engine assembly create drag and therefore limit the torque available. The estimate of torque required to overcome this drag effect is called Frictional Loss. The ECU also produces a calculation for Driver Demand Torque using a weighted mathematic model from multiple inputs. This is explained more in the Driver Demand Torque topic below.Hugoen-us